Bridges have shaped history - not just as feats of engineering, but as lifelines connecting people, businesses, and communities by enabling seamless movement where traditional roads and railways fall short.

Yet, as traffic volumes surge and design loads grow heavier, bridges face mounting pressures that test their resilience. Many aging structures now require urgent repairs, modernization, and reinforcement to withstand the demands of today and the challenges of tomorrow.

 

 

At Sika, we specialise in durable, sustainable bridge solutions designed to extend the structure's lifespan, enhance safety, and minimize environmental impact. Whether reinforcing existing structures or designing for the future, we ensure that bridges remain strong, reliable, and built to last. Discover how our innovative solutions can safeguard the bridges of today — while building a more sustainable tomorrow.

 

Your Trusted Partner

 

Key Exposures Affecting Bridge Deterioration

Cable-stayed Octavio Frias de Oliveira bridge in Sao Paulo, Brazil over the Pinheiros River

Bridges are subjected to continuous exposure to environmental and operational stressors, each contributing to structural degradation in different ways.

A thorough understanding of these factors is essential for developing effective maintenance strategies and materials selection to allow a prolongation of the service life.

Foundation and substructure settlement
Concrete cracking and spalling
Corrosion of reinforcement and steel structures
Bearing and expansion joint failures
Failures in rail fastening systems
Foundation and substructure
settlement
Soil erosion and scouring

Water infiltrations can cause erosion of soil under foundations, abrasion of concrete elements and destabilise the ground under the foundations causing excessive movements or settlements of the structure causing cracks and reducing the load capacity of the element.

Seismic activity

Excessive vibrations, like the ones occurring during an earthquake, or even movements caused by settlement of the ground under the foundations can shift piers and abutments causing concrete damages like cracks or spalls.

Aggressive soil

Chemical attack, salt expansion, pollutants or spillages from vehicles can reach foundations, causing cracking and weakening areas.

Concrete cracking
and spalling
Wide variation of temperatures and freeze/ thaw cycles

By their nature and locations, bridges are subjected to a wide variation of temperatures between day and night/winter and summer conditions, or between different sides or surfaces of the structure. These frequent cycles result in thermal stresses and movement in the concrete structure that can also result in cracks.

The freeze-thaw process creates stresses in the concrete matrix due to the expansion of free water in the capillary pores during freezing conditions; this can result in scaling of the surface of poor-quality concrete. This action is also greatly accelerated by the presence of chlorides in the water.

Alkali-silica reaction (ASR)

Certain aggregates in concrete react with moisture and alkalis, causing internal swelling and cracking of the concrete.

 

Load-induced stresses

Overloading— whether from increasing traffic, inadequate design, impact damage, or seismic effects— can exceed the structural limits, leading to fatigue, deformation, or failure.

Erosion or abrasion

Concrete elements submerged in water, such as piers or columns, face constant erosion and abrasion from fast-moving water and suspended particles, gradually wearing away the surface.

Corrosion
of reinforcement and steel structures
Chloride ingress

Chlorides from de-icing salts or seawater can penetrate concrete and disrupt the passive film protecting reinforcement bars, leading to aggressive pitting corrosion.

Weathering

Carbon dioxide in the air reacts with calcium hydroxide in concrete, reducing the pH and ultimately compromising steel protection as carbonation progresses inward.

Moisture exposure

Water naturally penetrates concrete through its pores. In areas with high chloride content or carbonation, this leads to corrosion of reinforcement, causing cracks and spalling.

Bearing and expansion
joint failures
Material aging

Rubber, steel, and other joint materials degrade over time, resulting in misalignment, deformation, and performance issues.

Debris and water infiltration

Blocked or damaged joints allow water and debris to accumulate, accelerating corrosion and deterioration.

Water leaks

Leaks from failed joints or deteriorated waterproofing systems on decks can affect other bridge components below.

Excessive traffic loads

High stress from constant vehicle movement deforms joints and bearings, compromising bridge movement capacity.

Failures in
rail fastening
systems in ballastless tracks
Water infiltration

Leaks can lead to several types of damage, including corrosion of fastening system components, reduction or complete loss of system resistance, corrosion of steel elements within the track structure and substructure, saturation of concrete with water and eventual spalling.

Electrical insulation failure

Failure in the electrical insulation of the rail fastening system can result in false readings from track signaling systems, induction and acceleration of electrochemical corrosion, and the generation of stray currents. These stray currents in turn, can further corrode the rail and nearby components.

Dynamic loads

Repeated dynamic loading may cause cracking in adjacent concrete areas or deformation of embedded steel elements, compromising structural integrity.

Exposure to chemical pollutants

Chemical attacks may occur due to the operating conditions of rolling stock or the specific location of the fastening system, such as near fuel transfer stations, chemical plants, or train washing facilities.

Loss of resilience in pads (grout or rail pads)

A reduction in the elasticity or load-absorbing capacity of these components can result in improper load distribution, leading to increased stress and accelerated deterioration of the track system.

Quick Overview of Sika Bridge Solutions

Foundations

Close-up of a bridge pier foundation
Main exposures

Aggressive soils or water infiltration due to erosion, ground settlement, seismic activity

Main causes of deterioration

Chemical attack from aggressive soil particles, salt expansion, erosion/ abrasion, concrete cracking from excessive movement

Sika solutions

Piers

Close-up of a bridge pier
Main exposures

Temperature variations, chloride exposure (marine or de-icing salts), weathering, traffic impacts, vibrations

Main causes of deterioration

Surface scaling due to erosion, abrasion, salt expansion, cracking from movement or loads, carbonation, vandalism

Bearings

Close-up of a bridge deck bearing
Main exposures

Loads, water infiltration from damaged joints, chemical pollutants

Main causes of deterioration

Overloading, corrosion, failure of anchors or bearing zones

Sika solutions

Girders/ beams

Close-up of a bridge girder
Main exposures

Temperature variations, de-icing salts, marine environments, water ingress, traffic actions and vibrations

Main causes of deterioration

Scaling, erosion, salt expansion, de-icing salts, freeze/thaw cycles, impacts, cracking from loading or fatigue, carbonation

Decks

Close-up of a bridge deck
Main exposures

Temperature variations, de-icing salts, marine environments, water ingress, traffic actions and vibrations, pollutants

Main causes of deterioration

Scaling, erosion, salt expansion, corrosion of reinforcement bars, freeze/thaw cycles, impacts, cracking from loading or fatigue, carbonation, chemical attacks

Joints

Close-up of a bridge deck joint
Main exposures

Weathering, excessive movements, traffic loads, pollutants due to de-icing salts or spillages from vehicles, settlements, water ingress due to leaking joints

Main causes of deterioration

Ageing of the elastomeric elements, cracking of the nosing material, excess of traffic loads, corrosion of metallic elements, breaks due to excessive movements, vandalism

Abutments / wing walls

Close-up of a bridge abutment
Main exposures

Temperature variations, de-icing salts, marine environments, water ingress, traffic actions and vibrations, pollutants

Main causes of deterioration

Scaling, erosion, salt expansion, de-icing salts, freeze/thaw cycles, impacts, cracking from loading or fatigue, carbonation, vandalism

Ancillary elements

Close-up of ancillary element (street lantern) on a bridge
Main exposures

Loads, vehicles, temperature variations, weathering, vibrations and other settlement movements, human actions

Main causes of deterioration

Traffic impact damages, corrosion, aging, cracking due to settlements,
vandalism

Footways/Hard Shoulders

Close-up of a bridge sidewalk
Main exposures

Loads, vehicles, temperature variations, weathering, vibrations and other settlement movements, human actions, pollutants

Main causes of deterioration

Traffic impacts and spillages, erosion, excessive loads, corrosion, aging, corrosion, concrete cracking

Rail systems for railway bridges

Close-up of a bridge with rail bedding
Main exposures

Loads, vibrations and dynamic loads, settlements, displacement of ballast, car traffic in road intersections, pollutants

Main causes of deterioration

Wearing, corrosion due to stray electric currents, excessive movements, fatigue of components, erosion, wear, chemical attack

Sika solutions

Predictive methods

Close-up of a bridge with sensors
Main exposures

Corrosion and carbonation

Main causes of deterioration

Corrosion of reinforcement bars

Effective Bridge Maintenance & Repair Solutions

Construction worker applying concrete repair mortar to bridge beam
1. Concrete Repair & Strengthening
working hanging from bridge to apply protective coating
2. Protective Coatings & Corrosion Mitigation
Worker applying material in Wabo expansion joint on Bay Bridge
3. Expansion Joint & Bearing Replacement
aerial drone shot of Sydney Harbor Bridge in Australia with bridge deck waterproofing applied in stages
4. Waterproofing & Drainage Enhancements
Bridge balustrade fixed and fastened  with SikaGrout cementitious mortar
5. Grouting & Fixing for Structural Integrity
Close up view of discrete rail fixation for train track on Oborniki Bridge in Poland
6. Rail Fixing, Sealing & Embedding
DuraMon sensor installed in concrete column
7. Advanced Inspection & Monitoring

1. Concrete Repair & Strengthening

Repairing damaged concrete is one of the primary requirements in the maintenance of concrete bridges. Localised spalling or full surface scaling of concrete surfaces has to be repaired with durable concrete repair materials. A sound and correctly repaired concrete substrate is also the basic requirement for any additional waterproofing, protection or strengthening systems to be applied.

Sika provides an extensive range of thoroughly tested and proven repair materials and systems, based on various technologies to meet specific requirements. These include bonding and corrosion protection primers, hand- and machine-applied repair mortars (suitable for vertical and overhead applications), semi-fluid mortars for efficient deck repairs, and surface levelling/protection mortars. Additionally, Sika has pioneered the development of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer structural strengthening systems.

Thanks to years of research and decades of hands-on experience, Sika has developed a fully comprehensive product range to restore and rehabilitate concrete bridges in a durable and sustainable way.

Steel Reinforcement Corrosion Protection

Sika MonoTop®-1010 one-component cement-based product providing high resistance to water and chloride penetration, reduced carbon footprint

SikaTop® Armatec® 110 EpoCem® three-component, high-performance corrosion protection primer based on epoxy-cement technology

Concrete Repair Mortar

Sika MonoTop® range/ SikaEmaco® range/ Sikacrete® range high-performance cement-based repair mortars for hand or machine application with reduced carbon footprint options

Structural Strengthening

Sika® CarboDur® epoxy resin-based strengthening systems using carbon fibre and other composite materials

Strengthening of reinforced concrete structures with SikaWrap® fibre fabrics

Sika® CarboShear®, Sikadur® rangeSika® MonoTop® range can also be used for structural strenthening 

 

Structural Crack Repair

Sikadur®/ SikaInject® two-component, solvent-free, low viscosity epoxy resins with structural properties

Parex® Epoxy Injection Grout  a low-viscosity, non-shrink epoxy for high-strength crack repairs

Parex® Epoxy Thixotropic Injection Grout  thixotropic, non-shrink epoxy for vertical or overhead crack repairs.

Construction worker applying concrete repair mortar to bridge beam

2. Protective Coatings & Corrosion Mitigation

To improve the performance and durability of reinforced concrete surfaces on bridge structures, additional protection systems are frequently required, particularly in refurbishment situations. Concrete protection systems for bridges are designed to greatly reduce damage to the concrete surfaces, to stop or reduce the rate of steel reinforcement corrosion and prevent significant structural damage.

Sika provides a wide range of tested and well proven concrete protection systems based on different technologies including hydrophobic impregnations, impregnations, rigid and elastic surface coatings, galvanic anodes, and surface applied corrosion inhibitors. All of these Sika products and systems fully comply with various standards and regulations.

Corrosion Protection

Sika® FerroGard®-903+ organic, cost-effective service life extension against carbonation

Sikagard®-8500 CI one-component, dual-phase, surface-applied corrosion inhibitor for long-term protection against both carbonation and chloride induced corrosion

Sika® Margel® VPI 580 long-term vapour-phase corrosion inhibitor for reinforced concrete

Sika® Galvashield® range Embedded galvanic anodes and controlled-resistivity mortar systems offering long-lasting, in-situ corrosion protection for reinforced concrete.

Protective Coating

Sikagard®-675 W ElastoColor acrylic resin-based waterproof coating offering excellent carbonation protection

Sikagard®-5500  highly elastic, crack-bridging, waterproof concrete protection

Sikagard® anti graffiti system: Sikagard®-850 Primer, Sikagard®-850 Activator and Sikagard®-850 Clear semi-matt, permanent protection system which allows cleaning with cold low water pressure or just with cold water and a cloth or scrubbing brush

Hydrophobic Impregnation

Sikagard® silane and siloxane based hydrophobic systems to repel water on concrete and other mineral surfaces

working hanging from bridge to apply protective coating

3. Expansion Joint & Bearing Replacement

Bridges are complex and demanding structures. There are many joints that need waterproofing, from simple saw cut contraction joints to exposed movement and connection joints. These joints are exposed to thermal movement, constant vibrations, extreme weathering, mechanical impact from the traffic and chemical impact from spillage or de-icing.

Sika offers a complete selection of customised expansion joint systems tested and with a well proven track record. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive range for fixing and bedding road and rail elements required for durable, safe use of the bridge.

Nosing/ Headers and Bearing Repair and Replacement

Parex® 2601 Bedding Mortars non-shrink, high-strength, high-flow cementitious grout designed for bedding and grouting bridge bearings

Sikadur® high performance precision resin grouts based on various chemistries for high durability and excellent mechanical strengths, used to secure elements for proper alignment and transmission of static and dynamic loads induced by vibrations or seismic actions

Sika FastFix®/ SikaEmaco® cementitious rapid-hardening bedding and fixing mortar for road maintenance works

Worker applying material in Wabo expansion joint on Bay Bridge

4. Waterproofing & Drainage Enhancements

Given the open nature of bridge decks, it’s crucial to prevent water ingress. Proper waterproofing of the deck is essential to prevent water damage and extend the structure's lifespan. This protection also safeguards critical areas beneath, ensuring a safe and reliable environment for all users.

Sika offers a range including liquid-applied membranes (LAM) which are highly elastic and flexible polymeric systems.

Liquid-applied Membranes

Sikalastic®-851 polyurethane-based, multi-layered waterproofing system suitable for mastic and hot rolled asphalt schemes, certified under ETAG 033 and BBA HAPAS

Sikalastic®-800 HA is a two component, solvent free, highly elastic, low odour polyurea hybrid waterproofing membrane. Due to its self-levelling properties Sikalastic®-800 HA is ideal for applications on protected podium decks and will provide a jointless surface, fully bonded, with crack bridging abilities.

aerial drone shot of Sydney Harbor Bridge in Australia with bridge deck waterproofing applied in stages

5. Grouting & Fixing for Structural Integrity

Remedial work on concrete bridge structures often include the requirement for void filling, fixing and sealing or bedding and grouting with free-flowing materials. Typical examples are concrete repairs using formwork, high precision grouting under bridge bearing plates, or for cable duct grouting. Additionally, flowable resin and cement grouts are used to fix manholes or other steel frames and equipment, where rapid hardening materials are usually required to reduce closure times.

Sika offers a wide range of tested and well proven grouts and fixing materials based on all the different technologies available including cement, epoxy, polyurethane and PMMA. For many decades, Sika has also provided special products for high precision applications such as bearing plates, rail tracks and ancillary elements like traffic signs and other road and rail elements.

Grouting

SikaGrout® cementitious grouting products with shrinkage compensation and high-strength development

Sikadur®/ SikaFlow® high performance precision resin grouts based on various chemistries for high durability and excellent mechanical strengths, used to secure elements for proper alignment and transmission of static and dynamic loads induced by vibrations or traffic impacts  

Parex® Grout range high-performance grouts designed for rapid, durable highway construction and maintenance, enabling fast installation and early return to traffic.

Fixing

Sika FastFix®/ SikaEmaco® cementitious rapid hardening bedding and fixing mortar for road maintenance works

Anchoring

Sika AnchorFix® / Sikadur® range chemical anchors based on various chemistries for many kinds of anchoring and fixing applications, secures high durability in different substrates of signals and other ancillary elements

Bridge balustrade fixed and fastened  with SikaGrout cementitious mortar

6. Rail Fixing, Sealing & Embedding

Sika offers a complete range of globally trusted solutions, engineered for high-performance, tailor-made direct rail fixation to solid substrates like concrete and steel under the brand Sika® Icosit® KC.

Renowned for durability and precision, the Sika® Icosit® KC systems are used in a wide variety of trackwork applications— including discrete and continuous undersealing, embedded rail systems, green tracks, ballast bonding compounds and dielectric membranes to isolate rail systems.

Ideal for railway, light rail, tram, and depot track installations, Sika delivers proven performance wherever long-lasting, reliable rail infrastructure is required.

Continuous Undersealing and Embedded Rail System

Sika® Icosit® range
two-component flexible polyurethane polymer resin grout used for rail systems
with maximum product service loads varying from up to 1 MPa to up to 4 MPa and
axle loads varying from less than 120 kN with high deflection to less than 250 kN and standard deflection

Discrete Fixation Rail System

Sika® Icosit® range
flexible polyurethane polymer resin grout used for discrete fixations in rail systems with maximum product service loads varying from up to 3 MPa to up to 4 MPa and axle loads varying from less than 120 kN with high deflection to less than 250 kN and standard deflection; suitable for different types of baseplates

Joint Sealing

Sika® Icosit® KC 450/30 / Sikaflex®-406 booster accelerated elastic sealant used for joints between rails, adjacent surfaces and with Sika® Icosit® KC products

Priming

Sikadur®-32+ two-component epoxy based pourable compound used primer on concrete (dry and mat damp) and steel (also as a coating it has an electrical surface resistance parameters) substrates, also for setting anchor bolts

 

Adhering Filler Blocks in Embedded Rail Systems

Sika® Icosit® KC 330 FK two-component, fast-setting thixotropic, adhesive material for fixing filler blocks with high initial adhesion

Anchoring

Sika AnchorFix® range chemical anchors based on epoxy resin used to adhere anchor bolts applied with the application dispenser

Ballast Bonding

Sika® Icosit® KC range epoxy or polyurethane-based injection resins;
thanks to its high mechanical strength, it can be used to fix rail ballast/gravel efficiently in railway construction

Close up view of discrete rail fixation for train track on Oborniki Bridge in Poland

7. Advanced Inspection & Monitoring

The condition of reinforced concrete structures and the full extent of any potential damage is often not visible on the concrete surface. Corrosion damage and structural deterioration can develop internally and progress significantly, before becoming visible on the surface, such as with chloride-induced pitting corrosion.  

To ensure effective repair and maintenance, it's crucial to optimize the number of structures requiring attention, along with the extent and cost-effectiveness of the work. Predictive maintenance, through optimized life cycle planning, helps anticipate potential damage. The goal is to identify issues early, preventing larger and more disruptive repairs down the line. Achieving this requires detailed and reliable data and information to accurately predict structural conditions and assess the level of deterioration.

Corrosion Protection

Sikagard®-8500 CI one-component, dual-phase surface-applied corrosion inhibitor for long-term protection against both carbonation and chloride induced corrosion

Sika® FerroGard®-903+ organic, cost-effective service life extension against carbonation

Sika® Margel® VPI 580 long-term vapour-phase corrosion inhibitor for reinforced concrete

Sika® Galvashield® range embedded galvanic anodes and controlled-resistivity mortar systems offering long-lasting, in-situ corrosion protection for reinforced concrete.

Protective Coating

Sikagard®-675 W ElastoColor waterproof acrylic resin-based protective coating for concrete for an excellent carbonation protection

Sikagard®-5500 highly elastic, crack bridging, waterproof protective coating for concrete, excellent carbonation barrier

Sikagard®-680 S Betoncolor one-part, solvent-based, decorative methacrylic protective coating for concrete and cementitious surfaces

 

DuraMon sensor installed in concrete column

See Some of Sika’s Past Bridge Projects

Ensuring Long-Lasting Bridges with Sika

GORDIE HOWE BRIDGE

At Sika, we do more than supply innovative solutions — we partner with bridge owners, architects, engineers, and contractors to ensure every project is a success. From new construction to refurbishment, our team provides expert guidance at every stage, helping you build stronger, longer-lasting bridges.

For refurbishment projects, we offer full support from start to finish. This includes an initial survey and assessment, followed by root cause diagnosis, precise specification writing and detailing, and comprehensive method statements to guide the process. We also provide on-site quality control and practical application assistance, ensuring seamless execution and long-term durability.

When it comes to new bridge construction, our expertise helps design structures that maximize durability, sustainability, and cost efficiency over their entire lifecycle. By optimizing materials and construction methods, we reduce maintenance needs, extend service life, and lower total project costs.

With a global presence and a complete range of cutting-edge solutions, Sika delivers high-performance products tailored to meet the toughest bridge challenges — wherever they are in the world.